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#### How related are tree-species: Systematics

For your understanding of trees it might help to know some background on their relatedness. See also here and here or here for a different overview. You can see to a degree how close treespecies are related by the schema below:

##### The place of trees in the plant kingdom.

All trees are seed-plants. non-seedplants are the Pteridophyta with species like ferns.

##### Different groups containing trees in the plant kingdom.

Some trees are Gymnosperma (naked-seeds) like coniferes, pines and cypresses, lork and taxus.
All trees with leafs are Angiosperma, (flowering plants with covered-seeds), of the class dycotyla (seeds with two parts) as opposed to moncotyls (like grasses for example).

##### Relatedness of tree-species.

Trees with leafs can be more or less related. The ordes Salicales and fagalus are very related. Salicales are willows (wilgen) and cottonwoods (populieren). The order Fagalus contains the birches (berk) and alders (els) in one family, beech (beuk) chestnut (kastanje) and oak (eik) in another and elms (iep) in yet another. All these families of species are in close relationships to one another. These orders were amongst the first flowering plants to evolve about 140 million years ago.

Other trees that are related are those inside the order of Rosalia that contains the Platana (platanen) and Rosaceae with prunus (cherry kers), apple pear (appel en peer) and so on.
Also related are the maples (esdoorns) and horsechestnut (paardekastanje). The ash is part of the order that also contains the olive-tree. The Linden (linde) stand on their own.

#### Systematics of the plant-kingdom and the place of tree-species and families in it.

Kingdom of the plants (based on Flora van Nederland, 1983, Wolters-Noordhof twintigste druk).

Afdeling Pteridophyta
klasse Lycopsida, wolfsklauwachtigen
klasse Sphenopsida, Paardestaartachtigen
klasse Filicopsida, Varens

Afdeling Spermatophyta, Zaadplanten
Onderafdeling Gymnospermae (Naaktzadigen)
http://www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/conifers/taxa.htm
klasse Coniferopsida
orde Coniferales
Pinaceae Dennenfamilie
Abies L zilverspar
Pseudotsuga Douglasspar
Tsuga Hemlockspar
Picae Spar
Larix Larix
Pinus Den
Cupressaceae Cypresfamilie
Thuja Levensboom
Juniperus Jeneverbes
Sequoiadendron Sequoia familie
sequoiadendron giganteum
klasse Taxopsida
orde Taxales
Taxaceae Taxusfamilie
Taxus
Onderafdeling Angiospermae Bedektzadigen
klasse Monocotyledones Eenzaadlobbigen
Voorbeelden:
Graminales Grassenfamilie,
Amarylllidaceae Narcissenfamilie (nacis)
Iridacea Lissenfamilie (crocus, Lis, )
Liliiflorea Leliefamilie (lelie, asperge, hyacinth, bieslook)
Spathiflorae Aronskelkfamilie
Juncacea Russen (veldbies, veldrus)
Orchideaceae Orchideeen
Cyperaceae Cypergrassen (Zegge, Cypergras,Zeebies)
klasse Dicotyledones Tweezaadlobbigen
orde Salicales
Salicaceae wilgenfamilie
(Salix wilg)
(Populus populier [en abeel] {esp})
orde Myricaceae
Myricaceae Gagelfamilie
orde Fagales
Betulaceau Berkenfamilie
Betula berk
Alnus Els
Corylaceae Hazelaarfamilie
Carpinus
betulus Haagbeuk
Corylus
carpinus Hazelaar
Fagaceae Beukenfamilie
Castanea kastanje
Fagus Beuk
sylvatica beuk
Quercus Eik
rubra amerikaanse eik
robur zomereik
petraea wintereik
Urticales Iepenfamilie
Ulmus Iep
laevis steeliep
minor Glasse iep
glabra Ruwe iep
niet bomen families: Cannabacea hennep, Urticacea brandnetel
orde Polygonales duizendknoop (Rumex zuring)
orde Centrospermae (Caryophyllaceae anjer
orde Ranales (nymphaeaceae waterlelie) (ranunculaceae ranonkel)
orde Rhoeedales (Papaveraceae papaver) (Cruciferaa kruisbloemen)
orde Sarraceniales zonnedauw,
orde Rosales
niet boom: Crassulaceae vetplanten; Saxifrageceae steenbreek (Rives kruisbes, zwarte bes aalbes);
Platanaceae plataanfamilie
Platanus plataan
hybrida gewone plataan (occidentalisXorientalis)
Rosaceae rozenfamilie
niet bomen: Fragaria aardbei, Rubus braam framboos, Rosa roos,
Pyrus peer
communis peer
Malus appel
sylvestris appel
Sorbus lijsterbes
aucuparia wilde lijsterbes
aria meelbes
Crataegus meidoorn
laevigata tweestijlige meidoorn
Prunus prunus
serotina amerikaanse vogelkers
cerasus zure kers
avium zoete kers
domestica pruim
Leguminosa vlinderbloemigen; Linaceae (vlas);
orde Sapindales
Anacardiaceae pruikeboomfamilie
Rhus
radicans gifsumak (poison ivy)
Aceraceae esdoornfamilie
Acer esdoorn
negundo vder-esdoorn
pseudoplatanus gewone esdoorn
platanoides noorse esdoorn
Hippocastanaceae paardenkastanjefamilie
Aesculus paardenkastanje
hippocastanum wilde kastanje
A X carnae rode paardenkastanje
niet bomen: balsemien,
orde Calastrales
aquifoliaceae hulstfamilie
ilex
aquifolium hulst
orde Rhamnales
Rhamnaceae wegedoornfamilie
Rhamnus
cartharticus wegedoorn
alnus sporkehout (vuilboom)
niet boom: Vitaceae (wijnstok)
orde Malvales
Tiliaceae lindefamilie
Tilia linde
platyphylos zomerlinde
cordata winterlinde
niet bomen: Malvaceae (kaasjeskruid),
orde Thymelaeales
niet boom: Thymelaeaceae (peperboompjes), elaeagnaceae (duindoorn),
orde Guttiferales (hertshooifamilie; stjanskruid)
orde Violales (Violaceae viooltjes) (Cistaceae zonneroosjes) (Elatinaceae glaskroos)
orde Cucurbitales (komkommer)
orde Myrtales (Lythraceae kattestaart) (Haloragaceae vederkruid)
orde Umbelliflora (Cornaceae kornoelje) (Araliaceae klimop) (Umbellifereae schermbloemigen)
orde Ericales (Ericaceae heide)
orde Primulales (Primulaceae sleutelbloem)
orde Plumbaginaceae (strandkruid)
orde Oleales
Oleaceae olijffamilie
fraxinus es
excelsior gewone es
syringa sering
ligustrum liguster
orde Gentianes (gentiaan) (Rubiaceae walstro)
orde Tubiflorae (Polemoniaceae vlambloem) (Convolvulaceae winde) (Boraginaceae ruwbladigen) (Libiatae libbloemigen; dovenetel) (Solaneceae nachtschade; aardappel) (Scrophulariaceae helmkruid)
orde Plantaginales weegbree
orde Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae kamperfoelie
nigra gewone vlier
niet=boom Adoxaceae muskuskruid; Valarianaceae valeriaan; Dipsacaceae kaardebol;
orde Campanulaes klokjes (Compositae composieten; kamille; distel; goudsbloem)

##### All plant-families that include at least one species of woody plants.

stolen from http://www.treeguide.com.

Family Common name Other names
Acanthaceae
Aceraceae Maple
Achatocarpaceae
Actinidiaceae
Adoxaceae Viburnum
Aegicerataceae
Aextoxicaceae
Agavaceae Agave
Aitoniaceae
Akaniaceae
Alangiaceae
Altingiaceae
Alzateaceae
Anacardiaceae Cashew sumac
Androstachydaceae
Anisophylleaceae
Annonaceae Custard-apple pawpaw
Antoniaceae
Apocynaceae
Aquifoliaceae Holly
Aquilariaceae
Araliaceae Ginseng
Aralidiaceae
Araucariaceae
Arecaceae Palm
Asclepiadaceae
Asphodelaceae
Asteliaceae
Asteraceae
Asteranthaceae
Asteropeiaceae
Atherospermataceae
Averrhoaceae
Avicenniaceae
Balanitaceae
Balanopaceae
Bambusaceae
Barbeyaceae
Barringtoniaceae
Berberidaceae
Betulaceae Birch
Bignoniaceae Trumpet-creeper Catalpa
Bischofiaceae
Bixaceae
Blechnaceae
Blepharocaryaceae
Boerlagellaceae
Bombacaceae
Bonnetiaceae
Boraginaceae
Bretschneideraceae
Brexiaceae
Bromeliaceae
Brunelliaceae
Bruniaceae
Buddlejaceae
Burseraceae
Buxaceae
Cactaceae Cactus
Caesalpiniaceae
Calycanthaceae
Campanulaceae
Canellaceae
Canotiaceae
Capparidaceae
Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle
Caricaceae
Carpinaceae
Caryocaraceae
Caryophyllaceae
Casuarinaceae Beefwood
Cecropiaceae
Celastraceae bittersweet
Cephalotaxaceae
Cercidiphyllaceae katsura
Chenopodiaceae
Chloranthaceae
Chrysobalanaceae
Cleomaceae
Clethraceae Pepperbush
Cochlospermaceae
Columelliaceae
Combretaceae
Compositae Sunflower
Connaraceae
Convolvulaceae
Coriariaceae
Cornaceae Dogwood
Corylaceae
Corynocarpaceae
Crassulaceae
Crypteroniaceae
Ctenolophaceae
Cunoniaceae
Cupressaceae Redwood juniper
Curtisiaceae
Cycadaceae
Cyrillaceae
Daphniphyllaceae
Davidiaceae
Davidsoniaceae
Degenariaceae
Dialypetalanthaceae
Dichapetalaceae
Dicksoniaceae
Didiereaceae
Didymelaceae
Diegodendraceae
Dilleniaceae
Dipentodontaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Dracaenaceae
Duckeodendraceae
Dulongiaceae
Ebenaceae Ebony persimmon
Ehretiaceae
Elaeagnaceae Russian-olive
Epacridaceae
Ericaceae Heath
Erythroxylaceae
Escalloniaceae
Eucommiaceae
Eucryphiaceae
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia
Eupomatiaceae
Eupteleaceae
Fabaceae Legume
Fagaceae Beech oak
Flacourtiaceae
Flindersiaceae
Foetidiaceae
Fouquieriaceae
Garryaceae
Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo
Goetzeaceae
Gomortegaceae
Gonystylaceae
Goodeniaceae
Goupiaceae
Greyiaceae
Griseliniaceae
Grossulariaceae
Guttiferae
Gyrocarpaceae
Gyrostemonaceae
Hamamelidaceae Witch-hazel
Henriqueziaceae
Hernandiaceae
Heteropyxidaceae
Himantandraceae
Hippocastanaceae Horsechestnut buckeye
Hoplestigmataceae
Humbertiaceae
Humiriaceae
Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea
Hymenocardiaceae
Hymenophyllaceae
Hypericaceae
Icacinaceae
Idiospermaceae
Illiciaceae
Irvingiaceae
Iteaceae
Ixonanthaceae
Juglandaceae Walnut
Julianaceae
Kirkiaceae
Koeberlinaceae
Labiatae
Lacistemataceae
Lauraceae Laurel
Lecythidaceae
Leeaceae
Leitneriaceae
Leptospermaceae
Liliaceae Lily
Linaceae
Lissocarpaceae
Loasaceae
Loganiaceae
Lophopyxidaceae
Loranthaceae
Lythraceae
Magnoliaceae Magnolia
Malpighiaceae
Malvaceae
Marcgraviaceae
Mastixiaceae
Medusagynaceae
Medusandraceae
Melanophyllaceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Melianthaceae
Meliosmaceae
Memecylaceae
Menispermaceae
Montiniaceae
Moraceae Mulberry
Moringaceae
Musaceae
Myoporaceae
Myricaceae
Myristicaceae
Myrsinaceae
Myrtaceae
Napoleonaeaceae
Naucleaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Ochnaceae
Octoknemaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae Olive ash
Oliniaceae
Onagraceae
Oncothecaceae
Opiliaceae
Pandaceae
Pandanaceae
Papaveraceae
Paracryphiaceae
Passifloraceae
Pelliceriaceae
Pentaphylacaceae
Peraceae
Peridiscaceae
Periplocaceae
Phellinaceae
Philadelphaceae
Phytolaccaceae
Picramniaceae
Picrodendraceae
Pinaceae Pine
Piperaceae
Pistaciaceae
Pittosporaceae
Platanaceae Sycamore plane
Plocospermataceae
Poaceae
Podocarpaceae
Polemoniaceae
Polygalaceae
Polygonaceae
Potaliaceae
Proteaceae
Psiloxylaceae
Ptaeroxylaceae
Punicaceae
Quiinaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhizophoraceae Red Mangrove
Rhodoleiaceae
Rhynchocalycaceae
Rosaceae Rose
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae Rue
Salicaceae Willow poplar
Salvadoraceae
Santalaceae
Sapindaceae Soapberry
Sapotaceae
Sarcolaenaceae
Sarcospermataceae
Sciadopytyaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Scyphostegiaceae
Scytopetalaceae
Simaroubaceae Quassia
Siparunaceae
Siphonodontaceae
Sladeniaceae
Solanaceae
Sphaerosepalaceae
Sphenostemonaceae
Stachyuraceae
Staphyleaceae Bladdernut
Sterculiaceae Sterculia
Stilaginaceae
Strasburgeriaceae
Strelitziaceae
Strychnaceae
Stylocerataceae
Styracaceae
Surianaceae
Symplocaceae
Tamaricaceae
Taxaceae Yew
Tepuianthaceae
Tetracentraceae
Tetramelaceae
Tetrameristaceae
Theaceae Tea
Theophrastaceae
Thymelaeaceae Mezereum
Ticodendraceae
Tiliaceae Linden basswood
Toricelliaceae
Trigoniaceae
Trimeniaceae
Trochodendraceae
Turneraceae
Uapacaceae
Ulmaceae Elm
Umbelliferae
Urticaceae
Verbenaceae
Violaceae
Vitaceae
Vochysiaceae
Winteraceae
Xanthophyllaceae
Zygophyllaceae